阿里云CentOS 7.9 安装FFmpeg

2023年6月6日

yum install -y vim
yum install -y epel-release
sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
yum repolist
sudo rpm --import http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/RPM-GPG-KEY-nux.ro
sudo rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el7/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-1.el7.nux.noarch.rpm
yum repolist
yum update -y
yum install -y ffmpeg
ffmpeg -version

如果安装期间出现如下报错：

Transaction check error:
  file /usr/lib64/libfribidi.so.0 conflicts between attempted installs of libfribidi-0.19.2-3.el6.nux.x86_64 and fribidi-1.0.2-1.el7_7.1.x86_64

Error Summary

你可以尝试以下步骤来解决这个问题：

确认你的软件包源是正确的并更新到最新状态：

sudo yum update

尝试移除冲突的软件包：

sudo yum remove libfribidi-0.19.2-3.el6.nux.x86_64 fribidi-1.0.2-1.el7_7.1.x86_64

清除 Yum 缓存：

sudo yum clean all

重新安装 fribidi 软件包：

sudo yum install fribidi

如果上述步骤仍然无法解决问题，你可以尝试手动删除冲突的文件，并重新安装 fribidi 软件包：

删除冲突文件：

sudo rm /usr/lib64/libfribidi.so.0

重新安装 fribidi 软件包：

sudo yum install fribidi

请注意，以上步骤可能会对系统造成影响，请谨慎操作，并在进行任何更改之前备份重要数据。

Aliyun, Linux

Rclone 挂载优化

2022年8月13日

Rclone 是一个挂载云存储工具，支持绝大部分的公有云产品、网盘、网络存储，并且支持 Windows、Linux、MacOS 等操作系统，本文主要描述优化方法。

以前写过Windows挂载阿里云OSS的教程，但是也只是最基础的使用方法，Rclone还能进一步优化提高访问性能，并增加Linux部署模式，

1.Linux部署：

sudo -v ; curl https://rclone.org/install.sh | sudo bash

2.挂载参数：

rclone config

根据自己的网盘或者云产品选择需要的配置模式。

3.优化性能：

rclone mount dropbox: X: --cache-dir "D:\rclone-vfs-cache" --multi-thread-streams 1024 --multi-thread-cutoff 128M --network-mode --vfs-cache-mode full --vfs-cache-max-size 100G --vfs-cache-max-age 240000h --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit off --buffer-size 64K --vfs-read-chunk-size 64K --vfs-read-wait 0ms -v --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit 64K --vfs-read-wait 0ms -v -vv

*这条挂载命令非常有效的提高读写性能和降低响应时间。

rclone mount：rclone 挂载命令

dropbox: X: ：dropbox网盘名字 / X：本地目录

–cache-dir：缓慢目录

–multi-thread-streams ：下载的线程数

–multi-thread-cutoff ：当下载文件到本地后端超过这个大小时，rclone会使用多线程下载文件

–network-mode：网络模式

–vfs-cache-mode ：缓存模式

–vfs-cache-max-size ：缓存大小

–vfs-cache-max-age ：缓存最大时间

–vfs-read-chunk-size-limit ：关闭块读取大小限制

–buffer-size ：缓冲区

–vfs-read-chunk-size ： vfs块读取大小

–vfs-read-wait 0ms ：块读取等待时间

–vfs-read-chunk-size-limit ：块读取大小限制

–daemon：指后台方式运行

当然可以根据自己的实际情况当调整，以免 rclone 占用过多 CPU或者内存。更多参数说明，可参考 rclone 官方文档。

4.Rclone 取消挂载：

通常情况，直接使用 umount 命令取消挂载即可：

#/path/to/local/mount为挂载目录
umount /path/to/local/mount

#或者使用fusermount
fusermount -u /path/to/local/mount

如果提示磁盘繁忙，只能暴力 kill 杀掉进程，命令为：

#kill杀掉进程
pgrep 'rclone'|xargs kill -9

#再次取消挂载
umount /path/to/local/mount

Linux

How to Install SoftEther VPN Server on Ubuntu 20.04

2022年7月26日

SoftEther VPN is a free, open source and one of the most powerful multi-protocol VPN software. It can be installed on all major operating systems including, Windows, Linux, Mac, FreeBSD and Solaris. It is simple, easy to use and developed by the University of Tsukuba in Japan. It is an alternative to OpenVPN and Microsoft’s VPN servers and can integrate from OpenVPN to SoftEther VPN smoothly.

SoftEther VPN Prerequisites

Two servers running Ubuntu 20.04 server, one for VPN server and one for VPN client.
A root password is configured on both servers.

1.Install Required Dependency

First, it is a good idea to update your system’s package cache to the latest version. Run the following command to update all package cache.

apt-get update -y

Copy

Once your system is updated, install other required dependencies using the following command:

apt-get install build-essential gnupg2 gcc make -y

Copy

Once all the dependencies are installed, you can proceed to the next step.

2.Install SoftEther VPN on Ubuntu 20.04

First, go to the SoftEther VPN download page and download the latest version using the following command:

wget http://www.softether-download.com/files/softether/v4.38-9760-rtm-2021.08.17-tree/Linux/SoftEther_VPN_Server/64bit_-_Intel_x64_or_AMD64/softether-vpnserver-v4.38-9760-rtm-2021.08.17-linux-x64-64bit.tar.gz

Copy

Sample output:

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 7529219 (7.2M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘softether-vpnserver-v4.38-9760-rtm-2021.08.17-linux-x64-64bit.tar.gz’

softether-vpnserver-v4.38-9760-rtm- 100%[==================================================================>]   7.18M  1.01MB/s    in 10s

2021-10-15 08:36:37 (704 KB/s) - ‘softether-vpnserver-v4.38-9760-rtm-2021.08.17-linux-x64-64bit.tar.gz’ saved [7529219/7529219]

Copy

Once the download is completed, extract the downloaded file using the following command:

tar -xvzf softether-vpnserver-v4.38-9760-rtm-2021.08.17-linux-x64-64bit.tar.gz

Copy

Next, navigate to the extracted directory and install the SoftEther VPN using the following command:

cd vpnserver
make

Copy

Once the installation has been finished, you will get the following output:

*** PacketiX VPN Server HTML5 Web Administration Console (NEW) ***
This VPN Server / Bridge has the built-in HTML5 Web Administration Console.

After you start the server daemon, you can open the HTML5 Web Administration Console is available at

https://127.0.0.1:5555/
or
https://ip_address_of_the_vpn_server:5555/

This HTML5 page is obviously under construction, and your HTML5 development contribution is very appreciated.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/vpnserver'

Copy

Next, go back to your home directory and move the extracted directory to /ust/local directory:

cd ..
mv vpnserver /usr/local/

Copy

Next, set proper permission to vpnserver directory:

cd /usr/local/vpnserver/
chmod 600 *
chmod 700 vpnserver
chmod 700 vpncmd

Copy

Once you are finished, you can proceed to the next step.

3.Create a Systemd Service File for SoftEther VPN

Next, you will need to create a systemd service file to manage the SoftEther VPN service. You can create it using the following command:

nano /etc/init.d/vpnserver

Copy

Add the following lines:

#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 2345 99 01
# description: SoftEther VPN Server
DAEMON=/usr/local/vpnserver/vpnserver
LOCK=/var/lock/subsys/vpnserver
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
case "$1" in
start)
$DAEMON start
touch $LOCK
;;
stop)
$DAEMON stop
rm $LOCK
;;
restart)
$DAEMON stop
sleep 3
$DAEMON start
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0

Copy

Save and close the file then create required directory and set proper permission to the systemd service file using the command below:

mkdir /var/lock/subsys
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/vpnserver

Copy

Next, start the SoftEther VPN with the following command:

/etc/init.d/vpnserver start

Copy

You will get the following output:

The SoftEther VPN Server service has been started.

Let's get started by accessing to the following URL from your PC:

https://69.28.88.203:5555/
  or
https://69.28.88.203/

Note: IP address may vary. Specify your server's IP address.

Copy

Next, enable the SoftEther VPN service to start at system reboot:

update-rc.d vpnserver defaults

Copy

4.Configure SoftEther VPN Server

Next, change the directory to /usr/local/vpnserver and configure the SoftEther VPN using the following command:

cd /usr/local/vpnserver
./vpncmd

Copy

You will be asked to select VPN component:

By using vpncmd program, the following can be achieved.

1. Management of VPN Server or VPN Bridge
2. Management of VPN Client
3. Use of VPN Tools (certificate creation and Network Traffic Speed Test Tool)

Select 1, 2 or 3: 1

Copy

Type 1 and press Enter twice. You will get the following output:

Specify the host name or IP address of the computer that the destination VPN Server or VPN Bridge is operating on.
By specifying according to the format 'host name:port number', you can also specify the port number.
(When the port number is unspecified, 443 is used.)
If nothing is input and the Enter key is pressed, the connection will be made to the port number 8888 of localhost (this computer).
Hostname of IP Address of Destination:

If connecting to the server by Virtual Hub Admin Mode, please input the Virtual Hub name.
If connecting by server admin mode, please press Enter without inputting anything.
Specify Virtual Hub Name:
Connection has been established with VPN Server "localhost" (port 443).

You have administrator privileges for the entire VPN Server.

Copy

Next, run the following command to set a password:

ServerPasswordSet

Copy

You should see the following output:

ServerPasswordSet command - Set VPN Server Administrator Password
Please enter the password. To cancel press the Ctrl+D key.

Password: **********
Confirm input: **********


The command completed successfully.

Copy

Next, run the following command to create a hub and set a password:

HubCreate myhub

Copy

You will get the following output:

HubCreate command - Create New Virtual Hub
Please enter the password. To cancel press the Ctrl+D key.

Password: **********
Confirm input: **********


The command completed successfully.

Copy

Next, enter to the hub using the following command:

Hub myhub

Copy

Sample output:

Hub command - Select Virtual Hub to Manage
The Virtual Hub "myhub" has been selected.
The command completed successfully.

VPN Server/myhub>

Copy

Next, allow the hub to work as a virtual LAN, run the following command:

SecureNatEnable

Copy

Sample output:

SecureNatEnable command - Enable the Virtual NAT and DHCP Server Function (SecureNat Function)
The command completed successfully.

Copy

Next, create a VPN user with the following command:

UserCreate vpnuser

Copy

Sample output:

UserCreate command - Create User
Assigned Group Name:

User Full Name: VPN User

User Description: IT

The command completed successfully.

Copy

Next, set a password for VPN user using the command below:

UserPasswordSet vpnuser

Copy

Sample output:

UserPasswordSet command - Set Password Authentication for User Auth Type and Set Password
Please enter the password. To cancel press the Ctrl+D key.

Password: **********
Confirm input: **********


The command completed successfully.

Copy

Next, enable the IPsec to get Multi-Protocol working using the following command:

IPsecEnable

Copy

Answer all the questions as shown below:

IPsecEnable command - Enable or Disable IPsec VPN Server Function
Enable L2TP over IPsec Server Function (yes / no): yes

Enable Raw L2TP Server Function (yes / no): yes

Enable EtherIP / L2TPv3 over IPsec Server Function (yes / no): yes

Pre Shared Key for IPsec (Recommended: 9 letters at maximum): vpnserver

Default Virtual HUB in a case of omitting the HUB on the Username: myhub

The command completed successfully.

Copy

Finally, exit from the VPN configuration wizard using the following command:

exit

Copy

5.Configure UFW Firewall

If the UFW firewall is installed and configured in your system then you will need to allow ports 443, 5555, 992 and 1194 through the firewall. You can allow them with the following command:

ufw allow 443/tcp
ufw allow 5555/tcp
ufw allow 992/tcp
ufw allow 1194/udp

Copy

Once all the required rules are added, reload the UFW firewall using the following command:

ufw reload

Copy

Also Read

What is a Squid Proxy Cache Server? (Features Explained)

1.Install SoftEther VPN Client

At this point, the SoftEther VPN server is installed and running. Now, you will need to install the SoftEther VPN client on the Client machine.
First, install the required dependencies using the following command:

apt-get install build-essential gnupg2 gcc make -y

Copy

Next, download the latest version of the SoftEther VPN client using the following command:

wget http://www.softether-download.com/files/softether/v4.38-9760-rtm-2021.08.17-tree/Linux/SoftEther_VPN_Client/64bit_-_Intel_x64_or_AMD64/softether-vpnclient-v4.38-9760-rtm-2021.08.17-linux-x64-64bit.tar.gz

Copy

Once the download is completed, extract the downloaded file with the following command:

tar -xvzf softether-vpnclient-v4.38-9760-rtm-2021.08.17-linux-x64-64bit.tar.gz

Copy

This will extracts all contents in to the vpnclient directory. Next, create a directory to store VPN client script.

mkdir /root/vpnscript

Copy

Next, go visit the VPN script download page and download all scripts using the following command.

cd /root/vpnscript
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mfaizanse/intellexlab-files/main/softether-vpn-client/remove-client.sh
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mfaizanse/intellexlab-files/main/softether-vpn-client/setup-client.sh
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mfaizanse/intellexlab-files/main/softether-vpn-client/vpn-connect.sh
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mfaizanse/intellexlab-files/main/softether-vpn-client/vpn-disconnect.sh
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mfaizanse/intellexlab-files/main/softether-vpn-client/vpn_config

Copy

Once all the scripts are downloaded, set proper permission to the downloaded script:

chmod 755 *

Copy

Next, edit the vpn_config file and define your VPN client directory, VPN server IP, VPN username, and local gateway IP.

nano vpn_config

Copy

Add the following lines as per your configuration:

CLIENT_DIR="/root/vpnclient"
NIC_NAME="nic1"
ACCOUNT_NAME="vpnuser"
VPN_HOST_IPv4="vpn-server-ip"
LOCAL_GATEWAY="gateway-ip-of-client-machine"

Copy

Save and close the file then setup the VPN client using the following command:

./setup-client.sh

Copy

You will be asked to provide your VPN server IP, port, Hub name, VPN username, Virtual adapter name and password as shown below:

Connected to VPN Client "localhost".

VPN Client>AccountCreate vpnuser
AccountCreate command - Create New VPN Connection Setting
Destination VPN Server Host Name and Port Number: 69.28.88.203:443

Destination Virtual Hub Name: myhub

Connecting User Name: vpnuser

Used Virtual Network Adapter Name: nic1

The command completed successfully.

vpncmd command - SoftEther VPN Command Line Management Utility
SoftEther VPN Command Line Management Utility (vpncmd command)
Version 4.38 Build 9760   (English)
Compiled 2021/08/17 22:32:49 by buildsan at crosswin
Copyright (c) SoftEther VPN Project. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to VPN Client "localhost".

VPN Client>AccountPassword vpnuser
AccountPasswordSet command - Set User Authentication Type of VPN Connection Setting to Password Authentication
Please enter the password. To cancel press the Ctrl+D key.

Password: **********
Confirm input: **********


Specify standard or radius: radius

The command completed successfully.

Copy

Next, connect to the VPN server using the following script:

./vpn-connect.sh

Copy

Once you are connected successfully, you will get the following output:

Stopping the SoftEther VPN Client service ...
SoftEther VPN Client service has been stopped.
The SoftEther VPN Client service has been started.
vpncmd command - SoftEther VPN Command Line Management Utility
SoftEther VPN Command Line Management Utility (vpncmd command)
Version 4.38 Build 9760   (English)
Compiled 2021/08/17 22:32:49 by buildsan at crosswin
Copyright (c) SoftEther VPN Project. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to VPN Client "localhost".

VPN Client>AccountConnect vpnuser
AccountConnect command - Start Connection to VPN Server using VPN Connection Setting
The command completed successfully.

vpncmd command - SoftEther VPN Command Line Management Utility
SoftEther VPN Command Line Management Utility (vpncmd command)
Version 4.38 Build 9760   (English)
Compiled 2021/08/17 22:32:49 by buildsan at crosswin
Copyright (c) SoftEther VPN Project. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to VPN Client "localhost".

VPN Client>AccountList
AccountList command - Get List of VPN Connection Settings
Item                        |Value
----------------------------+-------------------------------------------
VPN Connection Setting Name |vpnuser
Status                      |Connected
VPN Server Hostname         |69.28.88.203:443 (Direct TCP/IP Connection)
Virtual Hub                 |myhub
Virtual Network Adapter Name|nic1
The command completed successfully.

Copy

After the successful connection, a new VPN interface named vpn_nic1 has been created. You can check it using the following command:

ifconfig

Copy

You will get the following output:

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 69.28.85.54  netmask 255.255.254.0  broadcast 69.28.85.255
        inet6 fe80::200:45ff:fe1c:5536  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:00:45:1c:55:36  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 19867  bytes 74357003 (74.3 MB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 8098  bytes 1085017 (1.0 MB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 854  bytes 648247 (648.2 KB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 854  bytes 648247 (648.2 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

vpn_nic1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.30.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.30.255
        inet6 fe80::5c86:a0ff:fe6a:a652  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 5e:86:a0:6a:a6:52  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 312  bytes 20440 (20.4 KB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 292  bytes 22588 (22.5 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

Read

How to Install SoftEther VPN Server on Ubuntu 20.04 (cloudinfrastructureservices.co.uk)

intellexlab-files/softether-vpn-client at main · mfaizanse/intellexlab-files · GitHub

Linux

Linux挂载内存盘提高读写速度

2022年7月16日

mpfs是一种虚拟内存文件系统正如这个定义它最大的特点就是它的存储空间在VM里面，这里提一下VM(virtual memory)，VM是由linux内核里面的vm子系统管理，现在大多数操作系统都采用了虚拟内存管理机制。linux下面VM的大小由RM(Real Memory)和swap组成，RM的大小就是物理内存的大小，而Swap的大小是由你自己决定的。Swap是通过硬盘虚拟出来的内存空间，因此它的读写速度相对RM(Real Memory）要慢许多，我们为什么需要Swap呢？当一个进程申请一定数量的内存时，如内核的vm子系统发现没有足够的RM时，就会把RM里面的一些不常用的数据交换到Swap里面，如果需要重新使用这些数据再把它们从Swap交换到RM里面。如果你有足够大的物理内存，根本不需要划分Swap分区。

使用方法

root#mount -t tmpfs -o size=20m tmpfs /mnt/tmp

上面这条命令分配了上限为20m的VM到/mnt/tmp目录下，用df命令查看一下，确实/mnt/tmp挂载点显示的大小是20m，但是tmpfs一个优点就是它的大小是随着实际存储的容量而变化的，如果/mnt/tmp目录下什么也没有，tmpfs并不占用VM。上面的参数20m只是告诉内核这个挂载点最大可用的VM为20m，如果不加上这个参数，tmpfs默认的大小是RM的一半，假如你的物理内存是128M，那么tmpfs默认的大小就是64M，

tmpfs缺点

有，由于它的数据是在VM里面，因此断电或者你卸载它之后，数据就会立即丢失，这也许就是它叫tmpfs的原故。

tmpfs的用途

由于tmpfs使用的是VM，因此它比硬盘的速度肯定要快，因此我们可以利用这个优点使用它来提升机器的性能。

root#mount -t tmpfs -o size=2G tmpfs /tmp

上面这条命令分配了最大2G的VM给/tmp

由于/tmp目录是放临时文件的地方，因此我们可以使用tmpfs来加快速度，由于没有挂载之前/tmp目录下的文件也许正在被使用，因此挂载之后系统也许有的程序不能正常工作。没有关系，只要在/etc/fstab里面加上下面的语句

tmpfs /tmp tmpfs size=2G 0 0

重启电脑之后就一切OK了。

Linux

Ubuntu 20.04更改主机名

2022年7月16日

主机名是在操作系统的安装过程中设置的，或者在创建虚拟机时动态分配给虚拟机的。本指南说明了如何在Ubuntu 20.04上设置或更改主机名，而无需重新启动系统。

主机名(hostname)是在操作系统的安装过程中设置的，或者在创建虚拟机时动态分配给虚拟机的。

本操作介绍如何在Ubuntu 20.04上设置或更改主机名(hostname)，而无需重新启动系统。

了解主机名(hostname)

主机名(hostname)是标识网络上设备的标签。同一网络上不应有两台或更多台具有相同主机名(hostname)的计算机。

在Ubuntu中，您可以使用以下hostnamectl命令编辑系统主机名(hostname)和相关设置。该工具可识别三种不同的主机名(hostname)类别：

static-传统主机名(hostname)。它存储在/etc/hostname文件中，可以由用户设置。
pretty-用于向用户展示的描述性自由格式UTF8主机名(hostname)。例如，Linuxize's laptop。
transient-由内核维护的动态主机名(hostname)。DHCP或mDNS服务器可以在运行时更改临时主机名(hostname)。默认情况下，它与static主机名(hostname)相同。

建议使用完全合格的域名（FQDN），如host.example.com两个static和transient名称。

只有root或具有sudo特权的用户才能更改系统主机名(hostname)。

显示当前主机名(hostname)

要查看当前主机名(hostname)，请在hostnamectl不使用任何参数的情况下调用命令：

hostnamectl

在此示例中，当前主机名(hostname)设置为STP。

更改系统主机名(hostname)

更改系统主机名(hostname)是一个简单的过程。语法如下：

sudo hostnamectl set-hostname host.example.com
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname "Your Pretty HostName" --pretty
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname host.example.com --static
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname host.example.com --transient

例如，要将系统静态主机名(hostname)更改为kbssj.com，可以使用以下命令：

sudo hostnamectl set-hostname kbssj.com

您也可以选择设置漂亮的主机名(hostname)：

sudo hostnamectl set-hostname "kbssj" --pretty

hostnamectl不产生输出。成功时，返回0，否则返回非零失败代码。

静态主机名(hostname)存储在中/etc/hostname，漂亮主机名(hostname)存储在/etc/machine-infofile中。

您不应该在同一网络中的两台不同计算机上使用相同的主机名(hostname)。

在大多数系统上，主机名(hostname)映射到127.0.0.1中/etc/hosts。打开文件，将旧的主机名(hostname)更改为新的主机名(hostname)。

127.0.0.1   localhost
127.0.0.1   kbssj.com

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

如果在云实例上运行Ubuntu，并且cloud-init已安装软件包，则还需要编辑该/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg文件。通常，该软件包通常默认安装在云提供商提供的映像中，并且用于处理云实例的初始化。

如果系统上存在该文件，请打开它：

sudo nano /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg

搜索preserve_hostname，并将值从更改false为true：

# This will cause the set+update hostname module to not operate (if true)
preserve_hostname: true

保存文件并关闭编辑器。

验证更改

要验证主机名(hostname)是否已完全更改，请输入以下hostnamectl命令：

hostnamectl

您的新主机名(hostname)将显示在终端上：

[email protected]:/root# hostnamectl
   Static hostname: STP
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 20200914172502291423539425701795
           Boot ID: 096e66016ff34555aeb3d60db28e786f
    Virtualization: kvm
  Operating System: Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS
            Kernel: Linux 5.4.0-47-generic
      Architecture: x86-64
[email protected]:/root#

结论

我们已向您展示了如何在Ubuntu 20.04安装上轻松更改主机名(hostname)而不重启机器。

有多种原因可能导致您需要更改主机名(hostname)。最常见的是在创建实例后自动设置主机名(hostname)的情况。

参考内容：

https://www.iplayio.cn/post/309740

Linux

阿里云ECS安装Cockpit加载软件更新失败

2022年6月4日

进入/etc/netplan/目录，然后创建一个配置文件如：<99-netcfg.yaml>编辑内容

network:
  ethernets:
    enp3s0:
      dhcp4: true
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager

然后

sudo netplan apply

重新刷新浏览器软件页面即可

Older Posts